Rectal Cancer Surgery
Modern rectal cancer surgery is more precise, less invasive, and better at preserving function.
When caught early, rectal cancer is highly treatable. Dr. Chung specializes in robotic-assisted surgery designed for faster recovery and better outcomes.
The rectum is the final section of the large intestine, where waste is stored before exiting the body. When abnormal cells in the rectal lining grow uncontrollably, they can form tumors that, if left untreated, may spread to nearby organs, lymph nodes, or beyond. More than 44,000 new cases of rectal cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year, which is why early detection and skilled treatment matter so much.
Need to discuss a rectal cancer diagnosis or symptoms? Book a consultation.
Book a consultation
Symptoms to Watch For
Rectal cancer often develops without warning, but when symptoms do appear, they typically include:
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
A persistent change in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhea, or both)
Narrow, pencil-thin stools
A persistent feeling that you haven't fully emptied your bowels
Cramping, abdominal pain, or pelvic discomfort
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue or weakness, sometimes from anemia
These symptoms overlap heavily with hemorrhoids, IBS, and other benign conditions, which is why a proper evaluation is essential rather than self-diagnosis.
Risk Factors
Several factors raise the likelihood of developing rectal cancer.
Age
Risk rises with age. Current US guidelines recommend starting screening at age 45.
Family history
A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps significantly raises your risk.
Personal history
Previous polyps, colorectal cancer, or chronic inflammatory bowel disease elevates risk.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Long-standing ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease in the colon raises cancer risk meaningfully.
African-American ethnicity
Higher incidence and earlier-onset rectal cancer compared to other groups.
Lifestyle factors
High intake of red and processed meats, low fiber diet, smoking, heavy alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity all contribute.
Genetic syndromes
Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) substantially raise lifetime risk and require earlier, more frequent screening.
How Rectal Cancer Is Diagnosed
Dr. Chung will conduct a thorough evaluation, which may include:
Digital rectal exam (DRE)
A brief physical examination to detect masses or abnormalities in the rectum. Often the first step in evaluation.
Colonoscopy
A full examination of the colon and rectum to identify suspicious tissue. Any abnormal areas can be biopsied during the same procedure.
Imaging tests
CT scans, MRI, or PET scans to determine the precise extent of the tumor and whether cancer has spread beyond the rectum. Critical for treatment planning.
Endorectal ultrasound
A targeted ultrasound that helps assess how deeply a tumor has invaded the rectal wall. Often used to determine staging and surgical approach.
When Caught Early, Outcomes Are Strong
~91%
Five-year survival rate when rectal cancer is diagnosed and treated before it spreads. Catching it early changes the entire trajectory of care.
Treatment Approach
Treatment is tailored to the stage of cancer, location of the tumor, and your overall health. For most patients, surgery is the primary treatment, often combined with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy depending on the case.
A low anterior resection (LAR) removes the cancerous portion of the rectum while preserving bowel function. For tumors located lower in the rectum, a proctectomy with anastomosis reconnects healthy sections of the digestive tract. The goal whenever possible is to remove the cancer while preserving the patient's quality of life and avoiding a permanent colostomy.
Surgical Approaches
Three main approaches are used in rectal cancer surgery, each with different tradeoffs.
Open surgery
Traditional approach
A single large abdominal incision. Effective and still appropriate in some complex cases, but generally involves longer recovery and higher complication risk than minimally invasive approaches.
Laparoscopic surgery
Minimally invasive
Several small incisions with thin instruments and a camera. Reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery than open surgery, with comparable cancer outcomes.
Robotic-assisted
Most precise
Uses advanced robotic instruments controlled by the surgeon for the highest level of precision and 3D visualization. Especially valuable for complex pelvic anatomy.
Robotic-Assisted Surgery with the da Vinci System
Dr. Chung's specialty
da Vinci Robotic Surgery
Cutting-edge precision for complex rectal cancer cases.
Dr. Chung specializes in robotic-assisted rectal cancer surgery using the da Vinci surgical system. The technology gives him a level of precision and visualization that traditional approaches simply can't match, particularly when operating in the tight confines of the pelvis.
Surgeon Console
Provides a 3D, high-definition view of the surgical site for optimal visualization of fine structures.
Patient-Side Cart
Holds robotic instruments that translate Dr. Chung's hand movements into precise, tremor-free actions inside the patient.
Vision Cart
Coordinates the system components and supports seamless integration of imaging and surgical control.
Firefly® fluorescence imaging: A specialized feature that illuminates blood flow in the rectal tissues during surgery, revealing perfusion patterns invisible to the naked eye. This helps Dr. Chung make better decisions about tissue viability and surgical margins.
Benefits of Robotic-Assisted Rectal Surgery
Compared to traditional approaches, robotic-assisted surgery may offer:
✓Lower risk of complications compared to open or laparoscopic surgery.
✓Faster recovery and shorter hospital stays.
✓Reduced likelihood of needing a permanent colostomy.
✓Enhanced precision for complex rectal cancer cases.
✓Better preservation of nerves controlling bladder and sexual function.
✓Less blood loss and reduced need for transfusion.
Is Rectal Cancer Surgery Right for You?
Robotic-assisted surgery offers many advantages, but it isn't the right answer for every case. The best approach depends on tumor size, location, stage, and your overall health. Dr. Chung will assess your specific situation and recommend the treatment plan that gives you the best chance of full recovery and quality of life.
Get an expert evaluation
Whether you're navigating a new rectal cancer diagnosis or seeking a second opinion on your treatment plan, Dr. Chung can help you understand your options and choose the approach that's right for you.
Book a consultation
Call (714) 988-8690
