What Is a Prolapsed Hemorrhoid?

Prolapsed hemorrhoids develop from the same underlying causes as other hemorrhoids - increased pressure in the rectal veins. Over time, this pressure weakens the supportive tissue that holds internal hemorrhoids in place, allowing them to slip downward.

Common triggers include:

• Straining during bowel movements
• Chronic constipation or diarrhea
• Pregnancy and childbirth
• Prolonged sitting or heavy lifting
• Aging, as tissues naturally lose elasticity

Once a hemorrhoid starts to prolapse, it may initially retract on its own but can worsen over time if the strain continues.

The main symptom of a prolapsed hemorrhoid is a soft lump that can be felt or seen coming out of the anus. Symptoms may include:

• A bulge or tissue protrusion, especially during or after bowel movements
• Itching, burning, or discomfort around the anus
• Mucus discharge or moisture leading to irritation
• Mild pain or pressure if the hemorrhoid becomes swollen or trapped

In more advanced cases, the prolapsed tissue may stay outside the anus and require manual pushing to go back in.

A proctologist can confirm whether a protruding lump is a prolapsed hemorrhoid or another condition, such as a rectal polyp or prolapse of the rectal wall. The type of treatment depends on the severity and frequency of symptoms.

• At-home management - Mild cases may improve with fiber supplements, increased hydration, sitz baths, and avoiding straining.
• Office procedures - Rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or infrared coagulation can shrink internal hemorrhoids effectively.
• Surgical repair - In severe or recurrent cases, a hemorrhoidectomy or stapled hemorrhoidopexy may be recommended to remove or reposition the hemorrhoid.

Most treatments are quick, low-risk, and can provide long-term relief.

If you notice a bulge or tissue coming from your anus - especially one that doesn’t go away - it’s time to see a proctologist. Prolapsed hemorrhoids can become irritated or even trapped, which is painful and requires medical care. The sooner you’re evaluated, the easier and more comfortable your treatment will be.